MVL Vision Panel v21.1 Information

MVL Vision Panel v21.1 Information

The Vision Panel from Molecular Vision Laboratory is designed to analyze genes linked to inherited eye diseases. These genes have been curated based on the most up-to-date clinical research and literature, ensuring a comprehensive and reliable testing panel. The panel is periodically updated to include clinical and literature advancements, making it the most comprehensive genetic testing panel for inherited eye diseases. Inherited eye disorders are genetically heterogenous, and many similar phenotypes can have very different causes. Testing with MVL Vision Panel provides an efficient way to evaluate multiple genes when clinical symptoms alone cannot pinpoint a diagnosis. By identifying genetic variants, MVL Vision Panel can confirm clinical diagnoses, guide genetic counseling, and assist in developing personalized care plans.

Turnaround time

The typical turnaround time for the Vision Panel is 5-8 weeks. However, we understand that some cases require expedited results. For urgent cases, testing can be completed in as little as 10 days. On average, results are delivered in approximately 5 weeks.

Gene-specific testing

MVL offers unparalleled flexibility in testing. While the full Vision Panel is always available, clients may request analysis and reporting on any combination of genes within the panel. For instance, if only variants in 10 selected genes are of interest, we can focus the report and analysis accordingly.

Parental testing

To support comprehensive analysis, MVL provides complimentary parental testing for patients undergoing Vision Panel testing. We recommend submitting samples from both biological parents at the same time. Parental testing allows for segregation analysis, particularly in cases where a heterozygous pathogenic variant is identified alongside a heterozygous variant of uncertain significance. Determining the phasing of these variants can clarify the genetic diagnosis, which improves diagnostic confidence.

Clinical features

Because of the genetic heterogeneity associated with inherited eye diseases, it is difficult to solely rely on clinical phenotype alone for an accurate diagnosis. Genetic testing plays a vital role in differentiating between cases with similar clinical presentations but distinct genetic causes.

Our Vision Panel stands out compared to whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) due to its superior read depth, which enhances the accuracy of variant detection and interpretation, particularly in the case of copy number variant (CNV) detection, where read depth is critical. With a coverage of 1,099 genes associated with inherited eye diseases MVL Vision Panel is the most comprehensive inherited eye disease panel available. The extensive coverage includes genes with established OMIM phenotypes, candidate genes without a currently defined OMIM phenotype, and genes involved in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) related to inherited eye diseases.

Also, please note that the panel includes the mitochondria genome and RPGR exon 15 (RPGR ORF15).

Test Methods

Testing is performed by targeted next-generation sequencing by hybridization capture. Alignment and variant calling are performed using GRCh37, and identified pathogenic variants are confirmed by Sanger. Targeted regions cover all exons, exon-intron boundaries, and relevant deep-intronic regions.

Limitations

Only coding regions, immediately flanking intron sequences, and select designated deep intronic regions are examined. Changes in the promoter region, most deep intronic regions, or other non-coding regions of the gene would not be detected. Multiple exon deletions, multiple exon insertions, and complete deletion of one allele may not be identified using these methods.

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List of genes tested

Gene Phenotype
AARS2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 8, Leukoencephalopathy, progressive, with ovarian failure
AASS Hyperlysinemia, Saccharopinuria
ABAT GABA-transaminase deficiency
ABCA1 HDL deficiency, familial, 1, Tangier disease
ABCA4 Cone-rod dystrophy 3, Fundus flavimaculatus, Retinal dystrophy, early-onset severe, Retinitis pigmentosa 19, Stargardt disease 1
ABCB6 Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria 3, Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 7, Pseudohyperkalemia, familial, 2, due to red cell leak
ABCB7 Anemia, sideroblastic, with ataxia
ABCC6 Arterial calcification, generalized, of infancy, 2, Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, forme fruste
ABCD1 Adrenoleukodystrophy, Adrenomyeloneuropathy, adult
ABHD12 Polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataract
ACACA Acetyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency
ACAD9 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 20
ACADM Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, medium chain, deficiency of
ACADS Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain, deficiency of
ACADVL VLCAD deficiency
ACAT1 Alpha-methylacetoacetic aciduria
ACBD5 Retinal dystrophy with leukodystrophy
ACO2 Optic atrophy 9, Infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration
ADAM9 Cone-rod dystrophy 9
ADAMTS10 Weill-Marchesani syndrome 1, recessive
ADAMTS17 Weill-Marchesani 4 syndrome, recessive
ADAMTS18 Microcornea, myopic chorioretinal atrophy, and telecanthus
ADAMTS2 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, dermatosparaxis type
ADAMTSL4 Ectopia lentis et pupillae, Ectopia lentis, isolated, autosomal recessive
ADGRA3 Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa from RETNET
ADGRV1 Usher syndrome, type 2C, Usher syndrome, type 2C, GPR98/PDZD7 digenic
ADIPOR1 Retinitis Pigmentosa from RETNET
AFG3L2 Optic atrophy 12, Spastic ataxia 5, autosomal recessive, Spinocerebellar ataxia 28
AGBL5 Retinitis pigmentosa 75
AGK Cataract 38, autosomal recessive, Sengers syndrome
AGPS Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 3
AGRN Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 8, with pre- and postsynaptic defects
AHI1 Joubert syndrome 3
AHR Retinitis pigmentosa 85
AIFM1 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 6, Cowchock syndrome, Deafness, X-linked 5
AIPL1 Cone-rod dystrophy, Leber congenital amaurosis 4, Retinitis pigmentosa, juvenile
ALAS2 Anemia, sideroblastic, 1, Protoporphyria, erythropoietic, X-linked
ALDH18A1 Cutis laxa, autosomal dominant 3, Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIIA, Spastic paraplegia 9A, autosomal dominant, Spastic paraplegia 9B, autosomal recessive
ALDH1A3 Microphthalmia, isolated 8
ALDH3A2 Sjogren-Larsson syndrome
ALG1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ik
ALG14 Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 15, without tubular aggregates
ALG2 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ii, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 14, with tubular aggregates
ALMS1 Alstrom syndrome
ALPK1 ROSAH syndrome
AMACR Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency, Bile acid synthesis defect, congenital, 4
ANKS6 Nephronophthisis 16
ANO10 Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 10
ANTXR1 GAPO syndrome
AP3B1 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 2
AP3D1 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 10
AP5Z1 Spastic paraplegia 48, autosomal recessive
APC Pigmented ocular fundus lesions (POFLS) – for mutations in exons 10 to the proximal portion of exon I5
APOB Hypobetalipoproteinemia
APTX Ataxia, early-onset, with oculomotor apraxia and hypoalbuminemia
ARHGEF18 Retinitis pigmentosa 78
ARID1A Coffin-Siris syndrome 2
ARL13B Joubert syndrome 8
ARL2 Microcornea, rod-cone dystrophy, cataract, and posterior staphyloma 1
ARL2BP Retinitis pigmentosa with or without situs inversus
ARL3 Joubert syndrome 35, Retinitis pigmentosa 83
ARL6 Retinitis pigmentosa 55, Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3
ARMC9 Joubert syndrome 30
ARMS2 Macular degeneration, age-related, 8
ARSG Usher syndrome, type IV
ASB10 Glaucoma 1, open angle, F
ASPH Traboulsi syndrome
ASRGL1 Retinal degeneration from RETNET
ATAD3A Harel-Yoon syndrome
ATF6 Achromatopsia 7
ATOH1 Deafness, autosomal dominant 89
ATOH7 Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, autosomal recessive
ATP13A2 Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, Spastic paraplegia 78, autosomal recessive
ATP1A3 Alternating hemiplegia of childhood 2, CAPOS syndrome, Dystonia-12
ATP5F1A Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 22, Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 4
ATP5F1D Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency
ATP5F1E Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 3
ATP7B Wilson disease
ATPAF2 Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 1
AUH 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type I
B3GALNT2 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies, type A, 11
B3GALT6 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, spondylodysplastic type, 2, Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, type 1, with or without fractures
B3GLCT Peters-plus syndrome
B4GALT7 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, spondylodysplastic type, 1
B4GAT1 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 13
B9D1 Meckel syndrome 9, Joubert syndrome 27
B9D2 Meckel syndrome 10, Joubert syndrome 34
BBIP1 (BBS18) Bardet-Biedl syndrome 18
BBS1 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1
BBS10 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 10
BBS12 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 12
BBS2 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2, Retinitis pigmentosa 74
BBS4 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4
BBS5 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5
BBS7 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7
BBS9 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9
BCKDHA Maple syrup urine disease, type Ia
BCKDHB Maple syrup urine disease, type Ib
BCO1 Hypercarotenemia and vitamin A deficiency, autosomal dominant
BCOR Microphthalmia, syndromic 2
BCS1L Bjornstad syndrome, GRACILE syndrome, Leigh syndrome, Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 1
BEST1 Bestrophinopathy, autosomal recessive, Macular dystrophy, vitelliform, 2, Microcornea, rod-cone dystrophy, cataract, and posterior staphyloma, Retinitis pigmentosa, concentric, Retinitis pigmentosa-50, Vitreoretinochoroidopathy
BFSP1 Cataract 33, multiple types
BFSP2 Cataract 12, multiple types
BLOC1S3 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 8
BLOC1S5 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 11
BLOC1S6 Hermansky-pudlak syndrome 9
BMP4 Microphthalmia, syndromic 6, Orofacial cleft 11
BMP7 Developmental eye disorder
BOLA3 Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 2 with hyperglycinemia
BTD Biotinidase deficiency
BUB1B Cancer-prone syndrome of premature chromatid separation (PCS syndrome)
C12ORF57 Temtamy syndrome
C12ORF65 MTRFR; Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency; Spastic paraplegia 55, autosomal recessive
C19ORF12 Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation; Spastic paraplegia 43, autosomal recessive
C1QBP Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 33
C1QTNF5 Retinal degeneration, late-onset, autosomal dominant
C1R Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, periodontal type, 1
C2CD3 Orofaciodigital syndrome XIV
C8A C8 deficiency, type I
C8B C8 deficiency, type II
C8ORF37 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 21; Cone-rod dystrophy 16; Retinitis pigmentosa 64
CA4 Retinitis pigmentosa 17
CA5A Hyperammonemia due to carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency
CABP4 Cone-rod synaptic disorder, congenital nonprogressive
CACNA1A Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 42, Episodic ataxia, type 2, Migraine, familial hemiplegic, 1, Migraine, familial hemiplegic, 1, with progressive cerebellar ataxia, Spinocerebellar ataxia 6
CACNA1F Aland Island eye disease, Cone-rod dystrophy, X-linked, 3, Night blindness, congenital stationary (incomplete), 2A, X-linked
CACNA2D4 Retinal cone dystrophy 4
CAPN15 Oculogastrointestinal neurodevelopmental syndrome
CAPN5 Vitreoretinopathy, neovascular inflammatory
CARS2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 27
CASK FG syndrome 4, Mental retardation and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia, Mental retardation, with or without nystagmus
CBS Homocystinuria, B6-responsive and nonresponsive types, Thrombosis, hyperhomocysteinemic
CC2D2A COACH syndrome, Joubert syndrome 9, Meckel syndrome 6
CCDC103 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 17
CCDC114 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 20
CCDC28B Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1, modifier of
CCDC39 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 14
CCDC40 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 15
CCND1 von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, modifier of
CCT2 Leber Congenital Amaurosis
CDH23 Deafness, autosomal recessive 12, Usher syndrome, type 1D, Usher syndrome, type 1D/F digenic
CDH3 Ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, and macular dystrophy, Hypotrichosis, congenital, with juvenile macular dystrophy
CDHR1 Cone-rod dystrophy 15, Retinitis pigmentosa 65
CDK5RAP2 Microcephaly 3, primary, autosomal recessive
CEP104 Joubert syndrome 25
CEP120 Joubert syndrome 31, Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 13 with or without polydactyly
CEP164 Nephronophthisis 15
CEP19 Bardet-Biedl syndrome
CEP250 Cone-rod dystrophy and hearing loss 2
CEP290 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 14, Joubert syndrome 5, Leber congenital amaurosis 10, Meckel syndrome 4, Senior-Loken syndrome 6
CEP41 Joubert syndrome 15
CEP78 Cone-rod dystrophy and hearing loss
CEP83 Nephronophthisis 18
CERKL Retinitis pigmentosa 26
CFAP410 Retinal dystrophy with macular staphyloma, Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, axial
CFH Basal laminar drusen, Complement factor H deficiency, Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, susceptibility to, 1, Macular degeneration, age-related, 4
CHAT Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 6, presynaptic
CHCHD10 Myopathy, isolated mitochondrial, autosomal dominant, Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2, Spinal muscular atrophy, Jokela type
CHD7 CHARGE syndrome, Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 5 with or without anosmia
CHD8 Intellectual developmental disorder with autism and macrocephaly
CHKB Muscular dystrophy, congenital, megaconial type
CHM Choroideremia
CHMP4B Cataract 31, multiple types
CHN1 Duane retraction syndrome 2
CHRNA1 Multiple pterygium syndrome, lethal type, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 1A, slow-channel, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 1B, fast-channel
CHRNB1 Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 2C, associated with acetylcholine receptor deficiency, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 2A, slow-channel
CHRND Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 3A, slow-channel, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 3C, associated with acetylcholine receptor deficiency, Multiple pterygium syndrome, lethal type, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 3B, fast-channel
CHRNE Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4A, slow-channel, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4B, fast-channel, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4C, associated with acetylcholine receptor deficiency
CHST14 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, musculocontractural type 1
CHST6 Macular corneal dystrophy
CIB2 Deafness, autosomal recessive 48, Usher syndrome, type IJ
CISD2 Wolfram syndrome 2
CLCC1 Retinitis pigmentosa 32
CLDN19 Hypomagnesemia 5, renal, with ocular involvement
CLEC3B Macular dystrophy, retinal, 4
CLN3 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 3
CLN5 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 5
CLN6 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 6, Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, Kufs type, adult onset
CLN8 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 8, Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 8, Northern epilepsy variant
CLPB 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VII, with cataracts, neurologic involvement and neutropenia
CLPP Perrault syndrome 3
CLRN1 Retinitis pigmentosa 61, Usher syndrome, type 3A
CLUAP1 Leber congenital amaurosis
CNGA1 Retinitis pigmentosa 49
CNGA3 Achromatopsia 2
CNGB1 Retinitis pigmentosa 45
CNGB3 Achromatopsia 3, Macular degeneration, juvenile
CNNM4 Jalili syndrome
COA3 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 14
COA5 Mitochondrial complex IV, deficiency, nuclear type 9
COA6 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 13
COA7 Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive, with axonal neuropathy 3
COA8 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency
COG4 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIj, Saul-Wilson syndrome
COG6 COD2; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, typeIII; Shaheen syndrome
COL11A1 Deafness, autosomal dominant 37, Fibrochondrogenesis 1, Marshall syndrome, Stickler syndrome, type II
COL11A2 Deafness, autosomal dominant 13, Deafness, autosomal recessive 53, Fibrochondrogenesis 2, Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia, autosomal dominant, Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia, autosomal recessive
COL12A1 Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy 2, Bethlem myopathy 2
COL13A1 Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 19
COL18A1 Glaucoma, primary closed-angle; Knobloch syndrome, type 1
COL1A1 Caffey disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, arthrochalasia type, 1, Osteogenesis imperfecta, type I, Osteogenesis imperfecta, type II, Osteogenesis imperfecta, type III, Osteogenesis imperfecta, type IV, Bone mineral density variation QTL, osteoporosis
COL1A2 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, arthrochalasia type, 2, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, cardiac valvular type, Osteogenesis imperfecta, type II, Osteogenesis imperfecta, type III, Osteogenesis imperfecta, type IV, Osteoporosis, postmenopausal
COL2A1 Achondrogenesis, type II or hypochondrogenesis, Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, Czech dysplasia, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, with myopia and deafness, Kniest dysplasia, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, Osteoarthritis with mild chondrodysplasia, Platyspondylic skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type, SED congenita, SMED Strudwick type, Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Stanescu type, Spondyloperipheral dysplasia, Stickler sydrome, type I, nonsyndromic ocular, Stickler syndrome, type I, Vitreoretinopathy with phalangeal epiphyseal dysplasia
COL3A1 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, vascular type; Polymicrogyria with or without vascular-type EDS
COL4A1 Retinal arteries, tortuosity of, Angiopathy, hereditary, with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps, Brain small vessel disease with or without ocular anomalies, Microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy, pontine, autosomal dominant
COL4A3 Alport syndrome 2, autosomal recessive, Alport syndrome 3, autosomal dominant, Hematuria, benign familial
COL4A4 Alport syndrome 2, autosomal recessive, Hematuria, familial benign
COL4A5 Alport syndrome 1, X-linked
COL5A1 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic type, 1; Fibromuscular dysplasia, multifocal
COL5A2 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic type, 2
COL9A1 Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 6, Stickler syndrome, type IV
COL9A2 Stickler syndrome, type V, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 2
COL9A3 Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, with or without myopathy
COLQ Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 5
COQ2 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 1
COQ4 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 7
COQ5 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 9
COQ6 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 6
COQ7 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 8
COQ8A Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 4
COQ8B Nephrotic syndrome, type 9
COQ9 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 5
COX10 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 3
COX11 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 23
COX14 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 10
COX15 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 6
COX16 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 22
COX18 Complex IV deficiency
COX20 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 11
COX4I1 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 16
COX4I2 Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, dyserythropoietic anemia, and calvarial hyperostosis
COX6A1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, recessive intermediate D
COX6A2 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 18
COX6B1 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 7
COX7B Linear skin defects with multiple congenital anomalies 2
COX8A Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 15
CPAMD8 Anterior segment dysgenesis 8
CPLANE1 Joubert syndrome 17, Orofaciodigital syndrome VI
CPT1A CPT deficiency, hepatic, type IA
CPT2 CPT II deficiency, infantile, CPT II deficiency, lethal neonatal, CPT II deficiency, myopathic, stress-induced
CRB1 Leber congenital amaurosis 8, Pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy, Retinitis pigmentosa-12
CRELD1 Jeffries-Lakhani neurodevelopmental syndrome
CRPPA Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 7, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle), type C, 7
CRX Cone-rod retinal dystrophy-2, Leber congenital amaurosis 7
CRYAA Cataract 9, multiple types
CRYAB Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1II, Cataract 16, multiple types, Myopathy, myofibrillar, 2, Myopathy, myofibrillar, fatal infantile hypertonic, alpha-B crystallin-related
CRYBA1 Cataract 10, multiple types
CRYBA2 Cataract 42
CRYBA4 Cataract 23
CRYBB1 Cataract 17, multiple types
CRYBB2 Cataract 3, multiple types
CRYBB3 Cataract 22
CRYGB Cataract 39, multiple types, autosomal dominant
CRYGC Cataract 2, multiple types
CRYGD Cataract 4, multiple types
CRYGS Cataract 20, multiple types
CSPP1 Joubert syndrome 21
CTDP1 Congenital cataracts, facial dysmorphism, and neuropathy
CTNNA1 Macular dystrophy, patterned, 2
CTNNB1 Exudative vitreoretinopathy 7, Neurodevelopmental disorder with spastic diplegia and visual defects
CTNND1 Blepharocheilodontic syndrome 2
CTSD Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 10
CTSF Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 13, Kufs type
CWC27 Retinitis pigmentosa with or without skeletal anomalies
CYC1 Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 6
CYCS Thrombocytopenia 4
CYP1B1 Anterior segment dysgenesis 6, multiple subtypes, Glaucoma 3A, primary open angle, congenital, juvenile, or adult onset
CYP27A1 Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
CYP4V2 Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy
DAG1 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 9, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle), type C, 9
DARS2 Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation
DBT Maple syrup urine disease, type II
DCC Gaze palsy, familial horizontal, with progressive scoliosis, 2, Mirror movements 1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum
DCN Corneal dystrophy, congenital stromal
DCT Oculocutaneous albinism, type VIII
DDX58 Singleton-Merten syndrome 2
DGUOK Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 3 (hepatocerebral type), Portal hypertension, noncirrhotic, Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 4
DHCR7 Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
DHDDS Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type 1bb, Developmental delay and seizures with or without movement abnormalities, Retinitis pigmentosa 59
DHX38 Retinitis pigmentosa 84
DLAT Pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 deficiency
DLD Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency
DMD Becker muscular dystrophy, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 3B, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
DNA2 Seckel syndrome 8, Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 6
DNAAF1 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 13
DNAAF2 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 10
DNAAF3 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 2
DNAAF5 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 18
DNAH11 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 7, with or without situs inversus
DNAH5 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 3, with or without situs inversus
DNAI1 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 1, with or without situs inversus
DNAI2 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 9, with or without situs inversus
DNAJC19 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type V
DNAJC30 Leber-like hereditary optic neuropathy, autosomal recessive 1
DNAJC5 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 4, Parry type
DNAL1 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 16
DNM1L Encephalopathy, lethal, due to defective mitochondrial peroxisomal fission 1, Optic atrophy 5
DNM2 Centronuclear myopathy 1, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal type 2M, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, dominant intermediate B, Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 5
DOCK6 Adams-Oliver syndrome 2
DOK7 Fetal akinesia deformation sequence 3, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 10
DPAGT1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ij, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 13, with tubular aggregates
DRAM2 Cone-rod dystrophy 21
DSE Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, musculocontractural type 2
DTHD1 Leber congenital amaurosis with myopathy
DTNBP1 (BLOC1S8) Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 7
DYNC2H1 Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 3 with or without polydactyly
EARS2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12
ECHS1 Mitochondrial short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 deficiency
EDN3 Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, Waardenburg syndrome, type 4B, Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 4
EDNRB ABCD syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome, type 4A, Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 2
EFEMP1 Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina
ELAC2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 17
ELOVL1 Ichthyotic keratoderma, spasticity, hypomyelination, and dysmorphic facies
ELOVL4 Ichthyosis, spastic quadriplegia, and mental retardation, Spinocerebellar ataxia 34, Stargardt disease 3
ELP1 Dysautonomia, familial
ELP4 Aniridia 2
EMC1 Cerebellar atrophy, visual impairment, and psychomotor retardation
EPHA2 Cataract 6, multiple types
ERAL1 Perrault syndrome 6
ERCC6 Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 1, Cockayne syndrome, type B, De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome, Premature ovarian failure 11, UV-sensitive syndrome 1
ERCC8 Cockayne syndrome, type A, UV-sensitive syndrome 2
ESCO2 Roberts syndrome, SC phocomelia syndrome
ESPN Usher syndrome, type 1M, Deafness, autosomal recessive 36, Deafness, neurosensory, without vestibular involvement, autosomal dominant
ETFA Glutaric acidemia IIA
ETFB Glutaric acidemia IIB
ETFDH Glutaric acidemia IIC
ETHE1 Ethylmalonic encephalopathy
EVC Weyers acrofacial dysostosis, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome
EVC2 Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, Weyers acrofacial dysostosis
EXOSC2 Short stature, hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, and distinctive facies
EYA1 Otofaciocervical syndrome, Anterior segment anomalies with or without cataract, Branchiootic syndrome 1, Branchiootorenal syndrome 1, with or without cataracts
EYS Retinitis pigmentosa 25
FA2H Spastic paraplegia 35, autosomal recessive
FAM161A Retinitis pigmentosa 28
FARS2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14, Spastic paraplegia 77, autosomal recessive
FASTKD2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 44
FBLN5 Cutis laxa, autosomal dominant 2, Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IA, Macular degeneration, age-related, 3, Neuropathy, hereditary, with or without age-related macular degeneration
FBN1 Acromicric dysplasia, Ectopia lentis, familial, Geleophysic dysplasia 2, Marfan lipodystrophy syndrome, Marfan syndrome, MASS syndrome, Stiff skin syndrome, Weill-Marchesani syndrome 2, dominant
FBP1 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency
FBXL4 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 13 (encephalomyopathic type)
FDFT1 Squalene synthase deficiency
FDX2 Mitochondrial myopathy, episodic, with optic atrophy and reversible leukoencephalopathy
FDXR Auditory neuropathy and optic atrophy
FH Fumarase deficiency, Leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer
FKBP14 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, kyphoscoliotic type, 2
FKRP Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 5, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with or without mental retardation), type B, 5, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle), type C, 5
FKTN Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1X, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 4, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital without mental retardation), type B, 4, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle), type C, 4
FLAD1 Lipid storage myopathy due to flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase deficiency
FLNB Atelosteogenesis, type I, Atelosteogenesis, type III, Boomerang dysplasia, Larsen syndrome, Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome
FLVCR1 Ataxia, posterior column, with retinitis pigmentosa
FOXC1 Anterior segment dysgenesis 3, multiple subtypes, Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, type 3
FOXC2 Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome with renal disease and diabetes mellitus
FOXE3 Anterior segment dysgenesis 2, multiple subtypes, Cataract 34, multiple types
FOXRED1 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 19
FRAS1 Fraser syndrome 1
FREM2 Cryptophthalmos, unilateral or bilateral, isolated, Fraser syndrome 2
FRMD7 Nystagmus 1, congenital, X-linked, Nystagmus, infantile periodic alternating, X-linked
FSCN2 Retinitis pigmentosa 30
FTL Hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome, L-ferritin deficiency, dominant and recessive, Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 3
FXN Friedreich ataxia, Friedreich ataxia with retained reflexes
FYCO1 Cataract 18, autosomal recessive
FZD4 Exudative vitreoretinopathy 1, Retinopathy of prematurity
FZD5 Microphthalmia/coloboma 11
G6PC Glycogen storage disease Ia
GAA Glycogen storage disease II
GALE Galactose epimerase deficiency
GALK1 Galactokinase deficiency with cataracts
GALM Galactosemia IV
GALT Galactosemia
GAMT Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 2
GAN Giant axonal neuropathy-1
GARS1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2D, Neuropathy, distal hereditary motor, type VA
GATB Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 41
GATC Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 42
GATM Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 3; Fanconi renotubular syndrome 1
GCDH Glutaricaciduria, type I
GCNT2 Adult i phenotype without cataract, Cataract 13 with adult i phenotype
GDAP1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2K, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, with vocal cord paresis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, recessive intermediate, A, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4A
GDF1 Congenital heart defects, multiple types, 6, Right atrial isomerism (Ivemark)
GDF3 Klippel-Feil syndrome 3, autosomal dominant, Microphthalmia with coloboma 6, Microphthalmia, isolated 7
GDF6 Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominant, Leber congenital amaurosis 17, Microphthalmia with coloboma 6, digenic, Microphthalmia, isolated 4, Multiple synostoses syndrome 4
GFER Myopathy, mitochondrial progressive, with congenital cataract, hearing loss, and developmental delay
GFM1 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 1
GFM2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 39
GFPT1 Myasthenia, congenital, 12, with tubular aggregates
GJA1 Atrioventricular septal defect 3, Craniometaphyseal dysplasia, autosomal recessive, Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva 3, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 1, Oculodentodigital dysplasia, Oculodentodigital dysplasia, autosomal recessive, Palmoplantar keratoderma with congenital alopecia, Syndactyly, type III
GJA3 Cataract 14, multiple types
GJA8 Cataract 1, multiple types
GJB1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, X-linked dominant, 1
GJB2 Bart-Pumphrey syndrome, Deafness, autosomal dominant 3A, Deafness, autosomal recessive 1A, Hystrix-like ichthyosis with deafness, Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, Keratoderma, palmoplantar, with deafness, Vohwinkel syndrome
GJB6 Deafness, autosomal dominant 3B, Deafness, autosomal recessive 1B, Deafness, digenic GJB2/GJB6, Ectodermal dysplasia 2, Clouston type
GJC3 Deafness
GLIS2 Nephronophthisis 7
GLRX5 Anemia, sideroblastic, 3, pyridoxine-refractory, Spasticity, childhood-onset, with hyperglycinemia
GMPPB Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 14, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with mental retardation), type B, 14, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle), type C, 14
GNAT1 Night blindness, congenital stationary, autosomal dominant 3, Night blindness, congenital stationary, type 1G
GNAT2 Achromatopsia 4
GNB3 Night blindness, congenital stationary, type 1H
GNPAT Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 2
GNPTG Mucolipidosis III gamma
GNS Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID
GPR143 Nystagmus 6, congenital, X-linked, Ocular albinism, type I, Nettleship-Falls type
GPR179 Night blindness, congenital stationary (complete), 1E, autosomal recessive
GRIP1 Fraser syndrome 3
GRK1 Oguchi disease-2
GRM6 Night blindness, congenital stationary (complete), 1B, autosomal recessive
GRN Aphasia, primary progressive, Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 11, Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions
GTPBP3 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 23
GUCA1A Cone dystrophy-3, Cone-rod dystrophy 14
GUCA1B Retinitis pigmentosa 48
GUCA1C Glkaucoma
GUCY2D Choroidal dystrophy, central areolar 1, Cone-rod dystrophy 6, Leber congenital amaurosis 1, Night blindness, congenital stationary, type 1I
GYS2 Glycogen storage disease 0, liver
GZF1 Joint laxity, short stature, and myopia
HADH 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4
HADHA Fatty liver, acute, of pregnancy, HELLP syndrome, maternal, of pregnancy, LCHAD deficiency, Trifunctional protein deficiency; Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency 1
HADHB Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency
HARS1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2W, Usher syndrome type 3B
HARS2 Perrault syndrome 2
HCCS Linear skin defects with multiple congenital anomalies 1
HCN1 Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 24, Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, type 10
HESX1 Growth hormone deficiency with pituitary anomalies, Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined, 5, Septooptic dysplasia
HGSNAT Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC (Sanfilippo C), Retinitis pigmentosa 73
HIBCH 3-hydroxyisobutryl-CoA hydrolase deficiency
HK1 Hemolytic anemia due to hexokinase deficiency, Neurodevelopmental disorder with visual defects and brain anomalies, Neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, Russe type, Retinitis pigmentosa 79
HKDC1 Retinitis pigmentosa 92
HLCS Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency
HMCN1 Macular degeneration, age-related, 1
HMGB3 Microphthalmia, syndromic 13
HMGCL HMG-CoA lyase deficiency
HMGCS2 HMG-CoA synthase-2 deficiency
HMX1 Oculoauricular syndrome
HPS1 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1
HPS3 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 3
HPS4 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 4
HPS5 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5
HPS6 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 6
HSD17B10 HSD10 mitochondrial disease
HSF4 Cataract 5, multiple types
HSPD1 Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 4, Spastic paraplegia 13, autosomal dominant
HTRA1 CARASIL syndrome, Cerebral arteriopathy, autosomal dominant, with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, type 2, Macular degeneration, age-related, 7, Macular degeneration, age-related, neovascular type
HTRA2 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIII, Parkinson disease 13
HYLS1 Hydrolethalus syndrome
IARS1 Growth retardation, impaired intellectual development, hypotonia, and hepatopathy
IARS2 Cataracts, growth hormone deficiency, sensory neuropathy, sensorineural hearing loss, and skeletal dysplasia
IBA57 Spastic paraplegia 74, autosomal recessive, Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 3
IDH3A Retinitis pigmentosa 90
IDH3B Retinitis pigmentosa 46
IDUA Mucopolysaccharidosis Ih, Mucopolysaccharidosis Ih/s, Mucopolysaccharidosis Is
IFT122 Cranioectodermal dysplasia 1
IFT140 Retinitis pigmentosa 80, Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 9 with or without polydactyly
IFT172 Retinitis pigmentosa 71, Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 10 with or without polydactyly
IFT27 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 19
IFT43 Cranioectodermal dysplasia 3, Retinitis pigmentosa 81, Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 18 with polydactyly
IFT52 Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 16 with or without polydactyly
IFT54 Senior-Loken syndrome 9
IFT74 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 20, Joubert syndrome 40, Spermatogenic failure 58
IFT80 Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 2 with or without polydactyly
IFT81 Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 19 with or without polydactyly
IMPDH1 Leber congenital amaurosis 11, Retinitis pigmentosa 10
IMPG1 Macular dystrophy, vitelliform, 4, Retinitis pigmentosa 91
IMPG2 Macular dystrophy, vitelliform, 5, Retinitis pigmentosa 56
INPP5E Joubert syndrome 1, Mental retardation, truncal obesity, retinal dystrophy, and micropenis
INTS1 Neurodevelopmental disorder with cataracts, poor growth, and dysmorphic facies
INVS Nephronophthisis 2, infantile
IQCB1 Senior-Loken syndrome 5
ISCA1 Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 5
ISCA2 Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 4
ISCU Myopathy with lactic acidosis, hereditary
ITM2B Retinal dystrophy with inner retinal dysfunction and ganglion cell abnormalities, Dementia, familial British, Dementia, familial Danish
JAG1 Deafness, congenital heart defects, and posterior embryotoxon, Alagille syndrome 1, Tetralogy of Fallot
JAM3 Hemorrhagic destruction of the brain, subependymal calcification, and cataracts
KARS1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, recessive intermediate, B, Deafness, autosomal recessive 89, Leukoencephalopathy, progressive, infantile-onset, with or without deafness, Deafness, congenital, and adult-onset progressive leukoencephalopathy
KCNJ13 Leber congenital amaurosis 16, Snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration
KCNV2 Retinal cone dystrophy 3B
KCTD7 Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic 3, with or without intracellular inclusions
KERA Cornea plana 2, autosomal recessive
KIAA0556 Joubert syndrome 26
KIAA0586 Joubert syndrome 23, Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 14 with polydactyly
KIAA1549 Retinitis pigmentosa 86
KIF11 Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or mental retardation
KIF1A Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 9, Neuropathy, hereditary sensory, type IIC, Spastic paraplegia 30, autosomal recessive
KIF3B Retinitis pigmentosa 89
KIF7 Al-Gazali-Bakalinova syndrome, Hydrolethalus syndrome 2, Acrocallosal syndrome, Joubert syndrome 12
KIZ Retinitis pigmentosa 69
KLC2 Spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy, and neuropathy
KLHL7 Cold-induced sweating syndrome 3, Retinitis pigmentosa 42
LAMA1 Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome
LAMA5 Bent bone dysplasia syndrome 2, Nephrotic syndrome, type 26
LAMB2 Nephrotic syndrome, type 5, with or without ocular abnormalities, Pierson syndrome
LAMP2 Danon disease
LARGE1 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 6, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with mental retardation), type B, 6
LARS1 Infantile liver failure syndrome 1
LARS2 Hydrops, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia, Perrault syndrome 4
LCA5 Leber congenital amaurosis 5
LCT Lactase deficiency, congenital
LDLR Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1, LDL cholesterol level QTL2
LIAS Hyperglycinemia, lactic acidosis, and seizures
LIM2 Cataract 19, multiple types
LIPT1 Lipoyltransferase 1 deficiency
LIPT2 Encephalopathy, neonatal severe, with lactic acidosis and brain abnormalities
LONP1 CODAS syndrome
LOXL1 Exfoliation syndrome, susceptibility to
LOXL3 Myopia 28, autosomal recessive
LRAT Leber congenital amaurosis 14, Retinal dystrophy, early-onset severe, Retinitis pigmentosa, juvenile
LRIT3 Night blindness, congenital stationary (complete), 1F, autosomal recessive
LRMDA Albinism, oculocutaneous, type VII
LRP2 Donnai-Barrow syndrome
LRP4 Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 17, Cenani-Lenz syndactyly syndrome, Sclerosteosis 2
LRP5 Exudative vitreoretinopathy 4, Hyperostosis, endosteal, Osteopetrosis, autosomal dominant 1, Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome, Osteosclerosis, Polycystic liver disease 4 with or without kidney cysts, van Buchem disease, type 2, Bone mineral density variability 1, Osteoporosis
LRPPRC Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 5, (French-Canadian)
LRRC32 Cleft palate, proliferative retinopathy, and developmental delay
LRRC6 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 19
LTBP2 Weill-Marchesani syndrome 3, recessive, Glaucoma 3, primary congenital, D, Microspherophakia and/or megalocornea, with ectopia lentis and with or without secondary glaucoma
LTBP3 Dental anomalies and short stature, Geleophysic dysplasia 3
LYRM4 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 19
LYRM7 Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 8
LYST Chediak-Higashi syndrome
LZTFL1 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 17
MAB21L1 Cerebellar, ocular, craniofacial, and genital syndrome
MAB21L2 Microphthalmia/coloboma and skeletal dysplasia syndrome
MACF1 Lissencephaly 9 with complex brainstem malformation
MAF Ayme-Gripp syndrome, Cataract 21, multiple types
MAK Retinitis pigmentosa 62
MAN2B1 Mannosidosis, alpha-, types I and II
MAPKAPK3 Macular dystrophy, patterned, 3
MAPKBP1 Nephronophthisis 20
MARS2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 25, Spastic ataxia 3, autosomal recessive
MASP1 3MC syndrome 1
MASP2 MASP2 deficiency
MCAT Optic atrophy 15
MDH2 Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, , 51
MECR Dystonia, childhood-onset, with optic atrophy and basal ganglia abnormalities; Optic atrophy 16
MERTK Retinitis pigmentosa 38
MFF Encephalopathy due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission 2
MFN2 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2A2A, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2A2B, Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy VIA
MFRP Microphthalmia, isolated 5, Nanophthalmos 2
MFSD8 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 7, Macular dystrophy with central cone involvement
MGME1 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 11
MICOS13 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 37
MICU1 Myopathy with extrapyramidal signs
MIEF1 Optic atrophy 14
MIP Cataract 15, multiple types
MIPEP Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 31
MIR204 Retinal dystrophy and iris coloboma with or without cataract
MITF COMMAD syndrome, Tietz albinism-deafness syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome, type 2A, Waardenburg syndrome/ocular albinism, digenic, Melanoma, cutaneous malignant, susceptibility to, 8
Mitochondria genome  
MKKS Bardet-Biedl syndrome 6, McKusick-Kaufman syndrome
MKS1 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 13, Joubert syndrome 28, Meckel syndrome 1
MLPH Griscelli syndrome, type 3
MMACHC Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblC type
MORC2 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2Z
MPC1 Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency
MPV17 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2EE, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 6 (hepatocerebral type)
MRM2 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 17
MRPL12 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 45
MRPL3 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 9
MRPL44 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 16
MRPS14 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 38
MRPS16 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 2
MRPS2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 36
MRPS22 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 5, Ovarian dysgenesis 7
MRPS23 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 46
MRPS34 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 32
MRPS7 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 34
MSTO1 Myopathy, mitochondrial, and ataxia
MTFMT Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 15, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 27
MTO1 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 10
MTPAP Spastic ataxia 4, autosomal recessive
MTTP Abetalipoproteinemia
MUSK Fetal akinesia deformation sequence 1, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 9, associated with acetylcholine receptor deficiency
MVK Hyper-IgD syndrome, Mevalonic aciduria, Porokeratosis 3, multiple types
MYH9 Deafness, autosomal dominant 17, Macrothrombocytopenia and granulocyte inclusions with or without nephritis or sensorineural hearing loss
MYO5A Griscelli syndrome, type 1
MYO7A Deafness, autosomal dominant 11, Deafness, autosomal recessive 2, Usher syndrome, type 1B
MYO9A Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 24, presynaptic
MYOC Glaucoma 1A, primary open angle
NAA10 Microphthalmia, syndromic 1, Ogden syndrome
NADK2 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase deficiency
NARS2 Deafness, autosomal recessive 94, Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 24
NAXE Encephalopathy, progressive, early-onset, with brain edema and/or leukoencephalopathy
NBAS Infantile liver failure syndrome 2, Short stature, optic nerve atrophy, and Pelger-Huet anomaly
NDP Exudative vitreoretinopathy 2, X-linked, Norrie disease
NDUFA1 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 12
NDUFA10 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 22
NDUFA11 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 14
NDUFA12 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 23
NDUFA13 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 28, Thyroid carcinoma, Hurthle cell
NDUFA2 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 13
NDUFA4 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 21
NDUFA6 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 33
NDUFA8 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 37
NDUFA9 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 26
NDUFAF1 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 11
NDUFAF2 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 10
NDUFAF3 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 18
NDUFAF4 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 15
NDUFAF5 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 16
NDUFAF6 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 17
NDUFAF8 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 34
NDUFB11 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 30, Linear skin defects with multiple congenital anomalies 3
NDUFB3 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 25
NDUFB8 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 32
NDUFB9 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 24
NDUFS1 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 5
NDUFS2 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 6
NDUFS3 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 8
NDUFS4 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 1
NDUFS6 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 9
NDUFS7 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 3
NDUFS8 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 2
NDUFV1 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 4
NDUFV2 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 7
NEFH Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2CC
NEK1 Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 6 with or without polydactyly, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 24
NEK2 Retinitis pigmentosa 67
NEK8 Nephronophthisis 9, Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 2
NEUROD1 Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 6, Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent
NF2 Meningioma, NF2-related, somatic, Neurofibromatosis, type 2, Schwannomatosis, somatic
NFS1 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 52
NFU1 Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1
NHS Cataract 40, X-linked, Nance-Horan syndrome
NKX2-5 Atrial septal defect 7, with or without AV conduction defects, Conotruncal heart malformations, variable, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 2, Hypothyroidism, congenital nongoitrous, 5, Tetralogy of Fallot, Ventricular septal defect 3
NME8 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 6
NMNAT1 Leber congenital amaurosis 9
NOD2 Blau syndrome, Inflammatory bowel disease 1, Crohn disease, Psoriatic arthritis, susceptibility to, Yao syndrome
NODAL Heterotaxy, visceral, 5
NOTCH2 Alagille syndrome 2, Hajdu-Cheney syndrome
NOTCH3 Myofibromatosis, infantile 2, Cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy 1, Lateral meningocele syndrome
NPHP1 Joubert syndrome 4, Nephronophthisis 1, juvenile, Senior-Loken syndrome-1
NPHP3 Meckel syndrome 7, Nephronophthisis 3, Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 1
NPHP4 Nephronophthisis 4, Senior-Loken syndrome 4
NR2E3 Enhanced S-cone syndrome, Retinitis pigmentosa 37
NR2F1 Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome
NRL Retinal degeneration, autosomal recessive, clumped pigment type, Retinitis pigmentosa 27
NSUN3 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 48
NTF4 Glaucoma 1, open angle, 1O
NUBPL Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 21
NYX Night blindness, congenital stationary (complete), 1A, X-linked
OAT Gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina with or without ornithinemia
OCA2 Albinism, brown oculocutaneous, Albinism, oculocutaneous, type II, Skin/hair/eye pigmentation 1, blond/brown hair, Skin/hair/eye pigmentation 1, blue/nonblue eyes
OCRL Dent disease 2, Lowe syndrome
OFD1 Retinitis pigmentosa 23, Joubert syndrome 10, Orofaciodigital syndrome I, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, type 2
OPA1 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 14 (encephalocardiomyopathic type), Behr syndrome, Optic atrophy 1, Optic atrophy plus syndrome, Glaucoma, normal tension, susceptibility to
OPA3 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type III, Optic atrophy 3 with cataract
OPA5 Optic atrophy 5
OPN1LW Blue cone monochromacy, Colorblindness, protan
OPN1MW Blue cone monochromacy, Colorblindness, deutan
OPN1SW Colorblindness, tritan
OPTN Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 12, Glaucoma 1, open angle, E, Glaucoma, normal tension, susceptibility to
OTC Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
OTOGL Deafness, autosomal recessive 84B
OTX2 Microphthalmia, syndromic 5, Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined, 6, Retinal dystrophy, early-onset, with or without pituitary dysfunction
P3H2 Myopia, high, with cataract and vitreoretinal degeneration
PANK2 HARP syndrome, Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1
PARS2 Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 75
PAX2 Glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental, 7, Papillorenal syndrome
PAX3 Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome, Rhabdomyosarcoma 2, alveolar, Waardenburg syndrome, type 1, Waardenburg syndrome, type 3
PAX6 Coloboma of optic nerve, Coloboma, ocular, Morning glory disc anomaly, Aniridia, Anterior segment dysgenesis 5, multiple subtypes, Cataract with late-onset corneal dystrophy, Foveal hypoplasia 1, Keratitis, Optic nerve hypoplasia
PC Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
PCARE Retinitis pigmentosa 54
PCCA Propionicacidemia
PCCB Propionicacidemia
PCDH15 Deafness, autosomal recessive 23, Usher syndrome, type 1D/F digenic, Usher syndrome, type 1F
PCK2 PEPCK deficiency, mitochondrial
PCLO Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 3
PCYT1A Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy
PDE6A Retinitis pigmentosa 43
PDE6B Night blindness, congenital stationary, autosomal dominant 2, Retinitis pigmentosa-40
PDE6C Cone dystrophy 4
PDE6D Joubert syndrome 22
PDE6G Retinitis pigmentosa 57
PDE6H Achromatopsia 6, Retinal cone dystrophy 3
PDHA1 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency
PDHB Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-beta deficiency
PDHX Lacticacidemia due to PDX1 deficiency
PDP1 Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency
PDSS1 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 2
PDSS2 Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 3
PDX1 MODY, type IV, Pancreatic agenesis 1, Diabetes mellitus, type II, susceptibility to
PDXK Neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, type VIC, with optic atrophy
PDZD7 Deafness, autosomal recessive 57, Usher syndrome, type IIC, GPR98/PDZD7 digenic, Retinal disease in Usher syndrome type IIA, modifier of
PET100 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency
PET117 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 19
PEX1 Heimler syndrome 1, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1A (Zellweger), Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1B (NALD/IRD)
PEX10 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 6A (Zellweger), Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 6B
PEX11B Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 14B
PEX12 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 3A (Zellweger), Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 3B
PEX13 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 11A (Zellweger), Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 11B
PEX14 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 13A (Zellweger)
PEX16 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 8A (Zellweger), Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 8B
PEX19 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 12A (Zellweger)
PEX2 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 5A (Zellweger), Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 5B
PEX26 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 7A (Zellweger), Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 7B
PEX3 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 10B, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 10A (Zellweger)
PEX5 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 2A (Zellweger), Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 2B, Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 5
PEX6 Heimler syndrome 2, Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 4A (Zellweger), Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 4B
PEX7 Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 9B, Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 1
PGK1 Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 deficiency
PHYH Refsum disease
PIBF1 Joubert syndrome 33
PITPNM3 Cone-rod dystrophy 5
PITRM1 Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 30
PITX2 Anterior segment dysgenesis 4, Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, type 1, Ring dermoid of cornea
PITX3 Anterior segment dysgenesis 1, multiple subtypes, Cataract 11, multiple types, Cataract 11, syndromic, autosomal recessive
PLA2G5 Fleck retina, familial benign
PLA2G6 Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy 1, Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B, Parkinson disease 14, autosomal recessive
PLEC Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with nail dystrophy, Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy, Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with pyloric atresia, Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Ogna type, Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive 17
PLK4 Microcephaly and chorioretinopathy, autosomal recessive, 2
PLOD1 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, kyphoscoliotic type, 1
PLOD3 Lysyl hydroxylase 3 deficiency
PMP22 Neuropathy, inflammatory demyelinating, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1A, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1E, Dejerine-Sottas disease, Neuropathy, recurrent, with pressure palsies, Roussy-Levy syndrome
PMPCA Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 2
PMPCB Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 6
PNPLA2 Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy
PNPLA6 Laurence-Moon syndrome, Boucher-Neuhauser syndrome, Oliver-McFarlane syndrome, Spastic paraplegia 39, autosomal recessive
PNPLA8 Mitochondrial myopathy with lactic acidosis
PNPT1 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 13, Deafness, autosomal recessive 70, spinocerebellar ataxia 25
POC1B Cone-rod dystrophy 20
POLG Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4A (Alpers type), Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4B (MNGIE type), Mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome (includes SANDO and SCAE), Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, autosomal dominant 1, Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, autosomal recessive 1
POLG2 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 16 (hepatic type), Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 4
POLRMT Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 55
POMGNT1 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 3, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with mental retardation), type B, 3, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle), type C, 3, Retinitis pigmentosa 76
POMGNT2 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies, type A, 8, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle) type C, 8
POMK Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle), type C, 12, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 12
POMT1 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 1, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with mental retardation), type B, 1, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle), type C, 1
POMT2 Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A, 2, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with mental retardation), type B, 2, Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle), type C, 2
PORCN Focal dermal hypoplasia
PPA2 Sudden cardiac failure, alcohol-induced, Sudden cardiac failure, infantile
PPT1 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 1
PRCD Retinitis pigmentosa 36
PRDM13 Cerebellar dysfunction, impaired intellectual development, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 17
PRDM5 Brittle cornea syndrome 2
PREPL Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 22
PRICKLE3 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, modifier of
PROM1 Cone-rod dystrophy 12, Macular dystrophy, retinal, 2, Retinitis pigmentosa 41, Stargardt disease 4
PROS1 Thrombophilia due to protein S deficiency, autosomal dominant, Thrombophilia due to protein S deficiency, autosomal recessive
PRPF3 Retinitis pigmentosa 18
PRPF31 Retinitis pigmentosa 11
PRPF4 Retinitis pigmentosa 70
PRPF6 Retinitis pigmentosa 60
PRPF8 Retinitis pigmentosa 13
PRPH2 Choroidal dystrophy, central areolar 2, Leber congenital amaurosis 18, Macular dystrophy, patterned, 1, Macular dystrophy, vitelliform, 3, Retinitis pigmentosa 7 and digenic form, Retinitis punctata albescens
PRPS1 Arts syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked recessive, 5, Deafness, X-linked 1, Gout, PRPS-related, Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity
PRR12 Neuroocular syndrome
PRSS56 Microphthalmia, isolated 6
PTCD3 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 51
PTCH1 Basal cell carcinoma, somatic, Basal cell nevus syndrome, Holoprosencephaly 7
PUS1 Myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia 1
PXDN Anterior segment dysgenesis 7, with sclerocornea
PYGM McArdle disease
QARS1 Microcephaly, progressive, seizures, and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy
QRSL1 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 40
RAB18 Warburg micro syndrome 3
RAB27A Griscelli syndrome, type 2
RAB28 Cone-rod dystrophy 18
RAB3GAP1 Warburg micro syndrome 1
RAB3GAP2 Martsolf syndrome, Warburg micro syndrome 2
RAPSN Fetal akinesia deformation sequence 2, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 11, associated with acetylcholine receptor deficiency
RARB Microphthalmia, syndromic 12
RARS1 Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 9
RARS2 Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 6
RAX Microphthalmia, isolated 3
RAX2 Macular degeneration, age-related, 6, Cone-rod dystrophy 11, Retinitis pigmentosa 95
RB1 Bladder cancer, somatic, Osteosarcoma, somatic, Retinoblastoma, Retinoblastoma, trilateral, Small cell cancer of the lung, somatic
RBP3 Retinitis pigmentosa 66
RBP4 Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 10, Retinal dystrophy, iris coloboma, and comedogenic acne syndrome
RCBTB1 Retinal dystrophy with or without extraocular anomalies
RCD1 Retinal cone dystrophy-1
RD3 Leber congenital amaurosis 12
RDH11 Retinal dystrophy, juvenile cataracts, and short stature syndrome
RDH12 Leber congenital amaurosis 13
RDH5 Fundus albipunctatus
RECQL4 Baller-Gerold syndrome, RAPADILINO syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, type 2,
REEP1 Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type VB, Spastic paraplegia 31, autosomal dominant
REEP6 Retinitis pigmentosa 77
RERE Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without anomalies of the brain, eye, or heart
RGR Retinitis pigmentosa 44
RGS9 Bradyopsia, 1
RGS9BP Bradyopsia, 2
RHO Night blindness, congenital stationary, autosomal dominant 1, Retinitis pigmentosa 4, autosomal dominant or recessive, Retinitis punctata albescens
RIMS2 Cone-rod synaptic disorder syndrome, congenital nonprogressive
RLBP1 Bothnia retinal dystrophy, Fundus albipunctatus, Newfoundland rod-cone dystrophy, Retinitis punctata albescens
RMND1 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 11
RNANC Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, autosomal recessive
RNASEH1 Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 2
ROM1 Retinitis pigmentosa 7, digenic form
RP1 Retinitis pigmentosa 1
RP1L1 Occult macular dystrophy, Retinitis pigmentosa 88
RP2 Retinitis pigmentosa 2
RP9 Retinitis pigmentosa 9
RPE65 Leber congenital amaurosis 2, Retinitis pigmentosa 20, Retinitis pigmentosa 87 with choroidal involvement
RPGR Cone-rod dystrophy, X-linked, 1, Macular degeneration, X-linked atrophic, Retinitis pigmentosa 3, Retinitis pigmentosa, X-linked, and sinorespiratory infections, with or without deafness
RPGRIP1 Cone-rod dystrophy 13, Leber congenital amaurosis 6
RPGRIP1L COACH syndrome, Joubert syndrome 7, Meckel syndrome 5
RPL10 Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, 35, Autism, susceptibility to, X-linked 5
RPL15 Diamond-Blackfan anemia 12
RRM2B Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 8A (encephalomyopathic type with renal tubulopathy), Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 8B (MNGIE type), Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 5
RS1 Retinoschisis
RSPH4A Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 11
RSPH9 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 12
RTN4IP1 Optic atrophy 10 with or without ataxia, mental retardation, and seizures
SACS Spastic ataxia, Charlevoix-Saguenay type
SAG Oguchi disease-1, Retinitis pigmentosa 47, autosomal recessive, Retinitis pigmentosa 96, autosomal dominant
SALL2 Coloboma, ocular, autosomal recessive
SARS2 Hyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure, and alkalosis
SBF2 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4B2
SC5D Lathosterolosis
SCAPER Intellectual developmental disorder and retinitis pigmentosa
SCARF2 Van den Ende-Gupta syndrome
SCN4A Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, type 2, Hypokalemic periodic paralysis, type 2, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 16, Myotonia congenita, atypical, acetazolamide-responsive, Paramyotonia congenita
SCO1 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type IV
SCO2 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 2, Myopia 6
SDCCAG8 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 16, Senior-Loken syndrome 7
SDHA Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1GG, Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy, Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II deficiency, Paragangliomas 5
SDHAF1 Mitochondrial complex II deficiency, nuclear type 2
SDHAF2 Paragangliomas 2
SDHB Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, Paraganglioma and gastric stromal sarcoma, Paragangliomas 4, Pheochromocytoma
SDHC Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, Paraganglioma and gastric stromal sarcoma, Paragangliomas 3
SDHD Mitochondrial complex II deficiency, Paraganglioma and gastric stromal sarcoma, Paragangliomas 1, with or without deafness, Pheochromocytoma
SEC23A Craniolenticulosutural dysplasia
SEMA4A Cone-rod dystrophy 10, Retinitis pigmentosa 35
SERAC1 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome
SETX Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4, juvenile, Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive, with axonal neuropathy 2
SFXN4 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 18
SHH Holoprosencephaly 3, Microphthalmia with coloboma 5, Schizencephaly, Single median maxillary central incisor
SIL1 Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome
SIX3 Holoprosencephaly 2, Schizencephaly
SIX5 Branchiootorenal syndrome 2
SIX6 Optic disc anomalies with retinal and/or macular dystrophy
SLC16A12 Cataract 47, juvenile, with microcornea
SLC18A3 Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 21, presynaptic
SLC19A2 Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome
SLC19A3 Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 2 (biotin- or thiamine-responsive encephalopathy type 2)
SLC22A5 Carnitine deficiency, systemic primary
SLC24A1 Night blindness, congenital stationary (complete), 1D, autosomal recessive
SLC24A5 Albinism, oculocutaneous, type VI, Skin/hair/eye pigmentation 4, fair/dark skin
SLC25A1 Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 23, presynaptic, Combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria
SLC25A12 Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 39
SLC25A13 Citrullinemia, adult-onset type II, Citrullinemia, type II, neonatal-onset
SLC25A15 Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinemia syndrome
SLC25A19 Microcephaly, Amish type, Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 4 (progressive polyneuropathy type)
SLC25A20 Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency
SLC25A21 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, 18
SLC25A26 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 28
SLC25A3 Mitochondrial phosphate carrier deficiency
SLC25A32 Exercise intolerance, riboflavin-responsive
SLC25A38 Anemia, sideroblastic, 2, pyridoxine-refractory
SLC25A4 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 12A (cardiomyopathic type) AD, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 12B (cardiomyopathic type) AR, Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 2
SLC25A42 Metabolic crises, recurrent, with variable encephalomyopathic features and neurologic regression
SLC25A46 Neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, type VIB, Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 1E
SLC2A1 Dystonia 9, GLUT1 deficiency syndrome 1, infantile onset, severe, GLUT1 deficiency syndrome 2, childhood onset, Stomatin-deficient cryohydrocytosis with neurologic defects, Epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 12
SLC33A1 Huppke-Brendel syndrome. Spastic paraplegia 42, autosomal dominant
SLC37A4 Glycogen storage disease Ib, Glycogen storage disease Ic, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iiw
SLC38A8 Foveal hypoplasia 2, with or without optic nerve misrouting and/or anterior segment dysgenesis
SLC39A13 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, spondylodysplastic type, 3
SLC44A1 Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with ataxia, tremor, optic atrophy, and cognitive decline
SLC45A2 Albinism, oculocutaneous, type IV, Skin/hair/eye pigmentation 5, black/nonblack hair, Skin/hair/eye pigmentation 5, dark/fair skin, Skin/hair/eye pigmentation 5, dark/light eyes
SLC5A7 Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 20, presynaptic, Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type VIIA
SLC6A8 Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1
SLC7A14 Retinitis pigmentosa 68
SMOC1 Microphthalmia with limb anomalies
SNAI2 Piebaldism, Waardenburg syndrome, type 2D
SNAP25 Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 18
SNRNP200 Retinitis pigmentosa 33
SNX10 Osteopetrosis, autosomal recessive 8
SOD1 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1, Spastic tetraplegia and axial hypotonia, progressive
SOX10 PCWH syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome, type 2E, with or without neurologic involvement, Waardenburg syndrome, type 4C
SOX2 Microphthalmia, syndromic 3, Optic nerve hypoplasia and abnormalities of the central nervous system
SOX3 Mental retardation, X-linked, with isolated growth hormone deficiency, Panhypopituitarism, X-linked
SPAST Spastic paraplegia 4, autosomal dominant
SPATA5 Epilepsy, hearing loss, and mental retardation syndrome
SPATA7 Leber congenital amaurosis 3, Retinitis pigmentosa, juvenile, autosomal recessive
SPG11 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 5, juvenile, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2X, Spastic paraplegia 11, autosomal recessive
SPG15 Spastic paraplegia 15, autosomal recessive
SPG2 Spastic paraplegia 2, X-linked
SPG35 Spastic paraplegia 35, autosomal recessive
SPG45 Spastic paraplegia 45, autosomal recessive
SPG46 Spastic paraplegia 46, autosomal recessive
SPG54 Spastic paraplegia 54, autosomal recessive
SPG55 Spastic paraplegia 55, autosomal recessive
SPG57 Spastic paraplegia 57, autosomal recessive
SPG7 Spastic paraplegia 7, autosomal recessive
SRD5A3 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iq, Kahrizi syndrome
SSBP1 Optic atrophy 13 with retinal and foveal abnormalities
STAT2 Immunodeficiency 44
STRA6 Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 8, Microphthalmia, syndromic 9
SUCLA2 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 5 (encephalomyopathic with or without methylmalonic aciduria)
SUCLG1 Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 9 (encephalomyopathic type with methylmalonic aciduria)
SUFU Basal cell nevus syndrome, Joubert syndrome 32, Medulloblastoma, desmoplastic, Meningioma, familial, susceptibility to
SUOX Sulfite oxidase deficiency
SURF1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4K, Leigh syndrome, due to COX IV deficiency
SYNE2 Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 5, autosomal dominant
SYT2 Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 7, presynaptic
TACO1 Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency
TARS2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21
TAZ Barth syndrome
TBC1D20 Warburg micro syndrome 4
TBCE Encephalopathy, progressive, with amyotrophy and optic atrophy, Hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism syndrome, Kenny-Caffey syndrome, type 1
TBK1 Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4, Encephalopathy, acute, infection-induced (herpes-specific), susceptibility to, 8
TCTN1 Joubert syndrome 13
TCTN2 Meckel syndrome 8, Joubert syndrome 24
TCTN3 Joubert syndrome 18, Orofaciodigital syndrome IV
TDRD7 Cataract 36
TEAD1 Sveinsson chorioretinal atrophy
TEK Glaucoma 3, primary congenital, E, Venous malformations, multiple cutaneous and mucosal
TENM3 Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 9, Microphthalmia, syndromic 15
TFAM Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 15 (hepatocerebral type)
TFAP2A Branchiooculofacial syndrome
TGFBI Corneal dystrophy, Avellino type, Corneal dystrophy, epithelial basement membrane, Corneal dystrophy, Groenouw type I, Corneal dystrophy, lattice type I, Corneal dystrophy, lattice type IIIA, Corneal dystrophy, Reis-Bucklers type, Corneal dystrophy, Thiel-Behnke type
TIMM22 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 43
TIMM50 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type IX
TIMM8A Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome
TIMMDC1 Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 31
TIMP3 Sorsby fundus dystrophy
TK2 Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 3, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 2 (myopathic type)
TKFC Triokinase and FMN cyclase deficiency syndrome
TLCD3B Cone-rod dystrophy 22
TLR3 HIV1 infection, resistance to, Immunodeficiency 83, susceptibility to viral infections
TMED7  
TMEM107 Joubert syndrome 29, Meckel syndrome 13, Orofaciodigital syndrome XVI
TMEM126A Optic atrophy 7
TMEM126B Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 29
TMEM138 Joubert syndrome 16
TMEM216 Joubert syndrome 2, Meckel syndrome 2
TMEM218 Joubert syndrome 39
TMEM231 Joubert syndrome 20, Meckel syndrome 11
TMEM237 Joubert syndrome 14
TMEM67 RHYNS syndrome, COACH syndrome, Joubert syndrome 6, Meckel syndrome 3, Nephronophthisis 11, Bardet-Biedl syndrome 14, modifier of
TMEM70 Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 2
TMEM98 Nanophthalmos 4
TNXB Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic-like, 1, Vesicoureteral reflux 8
TOP3A Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 5, Microcephaly, growth restriction, and increased sister chromatid exchange 2
TOPORS Retinitis pigmentosa 31
TOR1AIP1 Muscular dystrophy, autosomal recessive, with rigid spine and distal joint contractures
TPK1 Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5 (episodic encephalopathy type)
TPP1 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 2, Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 7
TRAF7 Cardiac, facial, and digital anomalies with developmental delay
TREX1 Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 1, dominant and recessive, Chilblain lupus, Vasculopathy, retinal, with cerebral leukodystrophy, Systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to
TRIM32 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 11, Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive 8
TRIT1 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 35
TRMT10C Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 30
TRMT5 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 26
TRMU Liver failure, transient infantile, Deafness, mitochondrial, modifier of
TRNT1 Retinitis pigmentosa and erythrocytic microcytosis, Sideroblastic anemia with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay
TRPM1 Night blindness, congenital stationary (complete), 1C, autosomal recessive
TSFM Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 3
TSPAN12 Exudative vitreoretinopathy 5
TTC19 Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 2
TTC21B Nephronophthisis 12, Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 4 with or without polydactyly
TTC8 (BBS8) Retinitis pigmentosa 51, Bardet-Biedl syndrome 8
TTLL5 Cone-rod dystrophy 19
TTPA Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency
TUB Retinal dystrophy and obesity
TUBB4B Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness
TUBGCP4 Microcephaly and chorioretinopathy, autosomal recessive, 3
TUBGCP6 Microcephaly and chorioretinopathy, autosomal recessive, 1
TUFM Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 4
TULP1 Leber congenital amaurosis 15, Retinitis pigmentosa 14
TWNK Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 7 (hepatocerebral type), Perrault syndrome 5, Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 3
TYMP Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 1 (MNGIE type)
TYR Albinism, oculocutaneous, type IA, Albinism, oculocutaneous, type IB, Waardenburg syndrome/albinism, digenic, Skin/hair/eye pigmentation 3, blue/green eyes, Skin/hair/eye pigmentation 3, light/dark/freckling skin, Melanoma, cutaneous malignant, susceptibility to, 8
TYRP1 Albinism, oculocutaneous, type III, Skin/hair/eye pigmentation, variation in, 11 (Melanesian blond hair)
UBIAD1 Corneal dystrophy, Schnyder type
UCHL1 Spastic paraplegia 79, autosomal recessive, Parkinson disease 5, susceptibility to
UNC119 Cone-rod dystrophy, Immunodeficiency 13
UQCC2 Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 7
UQCC3 Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 9
UQCRB Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 3
UQCRC2 Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 5
UQCRQ Mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear type 4
USH1C Deafness, autosomal recessive 18A, Usher syndrome, type 1C
USH1G Usher syndrome, type 1G
USH2A Retinitis pigmentosa 39, Usher syndrome, type 2A
USH2C Usher syndrome, type 2C
USH2D Usher syndrome, type 2D
VAMP1 Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 25, Spastic ataxia 1, autosomal dominant
VARS2 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 20
VAX1 Microphthalmia, syndromic 11
VCAN Wagner syndrome 1
VHL Erythrocytosis, familial, 2, Hemangioblastoma, cerebellar, somatic, Pheochromocytoma, Renal cell carcinoma, somatic, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
VPS13B Cohen syndrome
VSX2 Microphthalmia with coloboma 3, Microphthalmia, isolated 2
WARS2 Neurodevelopmental disorder, mitochondrial, with abnormal movements and lactic acidosis, with or without seizures
WDPCP Bardet-Biedl syndrome 15, Congenital heart defects, hamartomas of tongue, and polysyndactyly
WDR19 Cranioectodermal dysplasia 4, Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 5 with or without polydactyly, Nephronophthisis 13, Senior-Loken syndrome 8
WDR34 Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 11 with or without polydactyly
WDR35 Cranioectodermal dysplasia 2, Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 7 with or without polydactyly
WDR36 Glaucoma 1, open angle, G
WDR73 Galloway-Mowat syndrome 1
WFS1 Cataract 41, Deafness, autosomal dominant 6/14/38, Wolfram syndrome 1, Wolfram-like syndrome, autosomal dominant, Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, association with
WFS2 Wolfram syndrome 2
WHRN Deafness, autosomal recessive 31, Usher syndrome, type 2D
XPNPEP3 Nephronophthisis-like nephropathy 1
YARS2 Myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia 2
YME1L1 Optic atrophy 11
ZEB2 Mowat-Wilson syndrome
ZFYVE26 Spastic paraplegia 15, autosomal recessive
ZIC3 Congenital heart defects, nonsyndromic, 1, X-linked, Heterotaxy, visceral, 1, X-linked, VACTERL association, X-linked
ZNF408 Exudative vitreoretinopathy 6, Retinitis pigmentosa 72
ZNF423 Joubert syndrome 19, Nephronophthisis 14
ZNF469 Brittle cornea syndrome 1
ZNF513 Retinitis pigmentosa 58
ZNHIT3 PEHO syndrome
ANGPT1 GWAS association with Glaucoma
ATXN7 Spinocerebellar ataxia 7 – CAG expansion disorder
C2 GWAS association with AMD
C3 GWAS association with AMD
C9 GWAS association with AMD
CD36 GWAS association with AMD and Glaucoma
CDKN2A GWAS association with AMD
CFB Macular degeneration, age-related, 14, reduced risk of
CFHR2 GWAS association with AMD
ACACB Candidate Modifier Genes for the Penetrance of Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
ACADL Candidate gene for metabolic disorder
AKR1C1 Candidate gene for nonsyndromic lipedema
ARFGAP2 Candidate gene for pigmentation disorders
ASIC5 Candidate gene for Usher syndrome
ATP5MF Candidate gene for Mitochondria disorder; Metabolic disorder
ATP5MG Candidate gene for Mitochondria disorder; Metabolic disorder
ATP5MGL Candidate gene for Mitochondria disorder; Metabolic disorder
ATP5PB Candidate gene for Mitochondria disorder; Metabolic disorder
ATP5PD Candidate gene for Mitochondria disorder; Metabolic disorder
ATPAF1 Candidate gene for Mitochondria disorder; Metabolic disorder
BCO2 Candidate gene for metobolic disorder
C7orf26 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
CCER1 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
CHERP Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
CLTA Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
COA4 Mitochondria candidate gene
COL26A1 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
COX17 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
COX19 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
COX6B2 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
COX7A1 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
CRYGA Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
CSMD1 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
CSMD2 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
DCDC1 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
DHX32 Inherited retinal dystrophy candidate gene
DNAJC17 Inherited retinal dystrophy candidate gene
DSCAML1 Inherited retinal dystrophy candidate gene
ENSA Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
FCN1 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
FGF21 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
FOXH1 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
GPR45 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
IFT88 Inherited retinal dystrophy candidate gene PMID: 29978320
KIF24 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
LEFTY2 Candidate gene for exfoliation glaucoma PMID 34964803
LHX2 Candidate gene for inherited retinal dystrophy PMID 23595746
MMP1 Candidate gene for uveal melanoma
MPRIP Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
MRRF Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
MRS2 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
NDRG4 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
NDUFA7 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
NDUFAF7 Candidate gene for degenerative myopia; PMID 28837730
NDUFB6 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
NDUFS5 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
NDUFV3 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
NECTIN3 Candidate gene for hearing loss; PMID 36568980
NUTF2 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
NXNL1 Candidate gene for rod-cone dystrophies; PMID 20139892
OR2W3 Candidate gene for retinitis pigmentosa; PMID 25783483
OXA1L Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
PKM Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
POC5 Candidate gene for retinitis pigmentosa: PMID 29272404
PTCD1 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
RHEX Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
RIMS1 Candidate gene for rod-cone dystrophy; PMID 17237123
RPH3A Candidate gene for neurodevelopmental disorders; PMID 37403762
RTBDN Candidate gene for rod-cone degeneration; PMID 35873559
SAMD11 Candidate gene for retinitis pigmentosa; PMID 27734943
SCLT1 Candidate gene for Bardet-Biedl syndrome; PMID 32253632
SDHAF3 Candidate gene for paragangliomas; PMID 28738844
SDHAF4 Candidate gene for paragangliomas; PMID 32948195
SLC4A7 Candidate gene for rod-cone dystrophy; PMID 32594822
SLC6A15 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
SNX3 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
SPG68 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
SPP2 Candidate gene for retinitis pigmentosa; PMID 26459573
SREBF2 Candidate gene for lens function; PMID 21858719
STARD9 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
STK38L Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
SYTL4 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
TBC1D32 Candidate gene for retinitis pigmentosa; PMID 37768732
TFB1M Candidate gene for hearing loss; PMID 15542390
TLR4 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
TMEM114 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
TMEM65 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
TNPO1 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
UNC13A Candidate gene for congenital myasthenic syndrome
UQCC1 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
UQCR10 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
UQCR11 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request
VAX2 Candidate gene for retinal dystrophy; PMID 26068435
WDR17 Potential candidate gene/Added by client request

Last Updated: January 21, 2025